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Asymmetry of the face and facial expressions in relation to handedness
Hřebcová, Eliška ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Kožejová Jaklová, Lenka (referee)
Facial asymmetry is developed in every human and has an impact on everyone's life. Research of facial asymmetry is important not only in plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine and orthodontics, but also in forensic sciences, bioarchaeology and sociocultural anthropology. It can be influenced by various factors including the lateralization of cerebral hemispheres for cognitive and motor functions. According to the literature, handedness in humans is one of the most important forms of laterality which is probably related to facial asymmetry. The observed asymmetries differ not only between left-handers and right-handers, but also between men and women. Emotional expressions are also expressed asymmetrically on the face. Differences between positive and negative emotions as well as spontaneous and voluntarily expressions were observed. Different forms of laterality of motoric and cognitive cerebral functions are related to each other and their impact on facial asymmetry is therefore very complex.
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Influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players
Žarković, Dragana ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
! Title of thesis : Influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players Demarcation of the issue : This thesis is dedicated to the influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players and it rates relation between these two phenomenons. It is a first research in this branch and sport, also, it informs about the coherence of these two phenomenons, from the point of view as a cause of sports injuries and also as a prevention of sports injuries. Justification : Athletes get injured frequently in many different situations. Often, we are dealing with an injury as a consequence, but not the real cause. Physical therapist should get oriented in this problematics to be more effective in the healing process of the athlete. To avoid such problems in adulthood, we should be more focused on the prevention just at the beginning of a sports career of a small athlete. No matter what sports level the athlete had achieved, we are focusing especially in one-sided sport activities. Aim of the thesis : The aim of thesis is to find out any coherence of the effect of one-sided sports, as floorball, to somatognostic functions of players at the age between 6 - 14 years old. Methodology of the thesis : Research is created in a form of descriptive - associative academic method. It is...
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Manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome on upper and lower limbs and its relationship to human laterality
Rybář, Adam ; Musálek, Martin (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
1 Title: Manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome on upper and lower limbs and its relationship to human laterality. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determinate size of relationship between manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome and preference of limbs. Methods: A total of 27 individuals (male and female students of UK FTVS) were involved in the current quantitative research. We used indicators which were selected from Musalek's test battery (2013) to assess limb preferences. The evaluation of joint passivity asymmetry was based on angle and time parameters during walk and during controlled falls of forearm and shank on a constructed fall-machine. The movement was registered in real time by Qualisys Motion Capture System. For data analysis, descriptive statistics methods, paired t-test, level of statistical and substantive significance (Cohen's d) and tetrachoric coefficient of correlation were used. Results: Our research suggests that there is no significant difference in joint passivity when comparing preferred and non preferred limbs. Though it is necessary to take into consideration specifics and the size of research sample in which everybody was an active athlete. The result of tetrachoric...
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Development of Test Batteries for Diagnostics of Motor Laterality Manifestation - Link between Cerebellar Dominance and Hand Performance
Musálek, Martin ; Chytráčková, Jitka (advisor) ; Tichý, Jiří (referee) ; Bryden, Pamela (referee)
The aim of this study is to contribute to the standardization of the new diagnostic tools assessing the motor manifestations of laterality in adults and children aged 8 to 10 years, both in terms of determining the theoretical concept and the selection of appropriate items, and the verification of structural hypotheses concerning the design of acceptable models, including the diagnostic quality of individual parts of the test battery. Moreover in this study we try to suggest new approach in assessing of motor laterality manifestation by means of relationship between cerebellar dominance and hand performance. The first part of this thesis deals with the concept of laterality, its manifestations and meaning in non-living systems and living organisms. As a human characteristic, laterality is manifested in a variety of functional and structural asymmetries. This part also discusses ways of diagnosing motor manifestations of laterality and the issue of cerebellar dominance, including its reflection in the form of asymmetry of the extinction physiological syndrome of upper limbs. The second part focuses on the process of the standardization study, the statistical method of structural equation modelling, and the actual design of test battery construction. The last part of this thesis presents the results...
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Evolutionary aspects of (epi)genetic determination of laterality with a special focus on upper limb
Holoubková, Tereza ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Struška, Michal (referee)
Handedness is one of the most distinct asymmetries of the human body. There is approximately 90 % of right-handers in the population, which is the strongest bias in handedness among all primates. Handedness is connected with lateralization of brain for language and is determined both genetically and by the environment. Genetic determination of the handedness has not been yet figured out, although there are many candidate genes and regions. In addition to candidate genes, the genetic determination is shaped by the epigenetic mechanisms and the role of testosterone. Handedness occurred alongside the beginning of the human population development, approximately in the Middle Pleistocene, with the same percentage of left-handers as today. Handedness polymorphism is maintained in the population based on the frequency-dependent model because of the advantages and disadvantages associated with left-handedness.
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Laterality in locomotory-rotational and social behaviour of mammals
Kunclová, Kristýna ; Špinka, Marek (advisor) ; Vlček, Kamil (referee)
Lateralization of brain structures manifesting behavioral laterality is a known phenomenon among vertebrates, and their equivalents are also found in invertebrates. In this paper, I will review motor laterality in mammals, which includes mainly preferential use of one limb/paw (Handedness) and spatial preferences in rotational behavior. In this work, I will summarize laterality of rotational behavior, as the most important part of my paper, within the larger scope of motor laterality. I will offer some explanations of laterality changes depending on the surrounding circumstances, and the emotional setting of individuals and present examples of laterality at the individual and population levels in mammals. Keywords: Lateralization, Motor laterality, rotational/turning asymmetries, Handedness, Forelimb preference, Individual laterality, Population laterality, Mammals
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Changes in handgrip strength in relation to laterality at indoor youth climbing course
Janatová, Klára ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Changes in handgrip strength in relation to laterality at indoor youth climbing course Objectives: The aim of this diploma theses is to investigate whether regular climbing activity of children at age 7-11 leads to development of handgrip stength or its endurance with respect to laterality. Also if climbing leads to symetrical strenghtening of upper limbs. Methods: Group of 14 children at age 7-11 participated in a climbing course once a week for 3 months. Maximal grip strength was measured, persistence in pressing hand over 30 seconds and evaluation of laterality. First testing was done in October 2016 and second after 3 months in January 2017. Results: The research involved 13 right-handed and 1 left-handed participant and degree of laterality remained unchanged. Grip strength of dominant upper limb was stronger in 10 children from 13 (October 2016 - first measuring) at the first measurement. Our results suggest that climbing activities for three months, according to statistical analysis (t-test Microsoft Excel 2010), may contribute to the symetrical strengthening of upper limbs in 88%. We have discovered two types development phenomena - visualised as 2 distinct curves that show the development of strength in 30 seconds. Keywords: Children, indoor climbing, preference, handedness,...
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Manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome on upper and lower limbs and its relationship to human laterality
Rybář, Adam ; Musálek, Martin (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
1 Title: Manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome on upper and lower limbs and its relationship to human laterality. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determinate size of relationship between manifestation of cerebellar dominance in the form of extinction physiological syndrome and preference of limbs. Methods: A total of 27 individuals (male and female students of UK FTVS) were involved in the current quantitative research. We used indicators which were selected from Musalek's test battery (2013) to assess limb preferences. The evaluation of joint passivity asymmetry was based on angle and time parameters during walk and during controlled falls of forearm and shank on a constructed fall-machine. The movement was registered in real time by Qualisys Motion Capture System. For data analysis, descriptive statistics methods, paired t-test, level of statistical and substantive significance (Cohen's d) and tetrachoric coefficient of correlation were used. Results: Our research suggests that there is no significant difference in joint passivity when comparing preferred and non preferred limbs. Though it is necessary to take into consideration specifics and the size of research sample in which everybody was an active athlete. The result of tetrachoric...
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Influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players
Žarković, Dragana ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
! Title of thesis : Influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players Demarcation of the issue : This thesis is dedicated to the influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players and it rates relation between these two phenomenons. It is a first research in this branch and sport, also, it informs about the coherence of these two phenomenons, from the point of view as a cause of sports injuries and also as a prevention of sports injuries. Justification : Athletes get injured frequently in many different situations. Often, we are dealing with an injury as a consequence, but not the real cause. Physical therapist should get oriented in this problematics to be more effective in the healing process of the athlete. To avoid such problems in adulthood, we should be more focused on the prevention just at the beginning of a sports career of a small athlete. No matter what sports level the athlete had achieved, we are focusing especially in one-sided sport activities. Aim of the thesis : The aim of thesis is to find out any coherence of the effect of one-sided sports, as floorball, to somatognostic functions of players at the age between 6 - 14 years old. Methodology of the thesis : Research is created in a form of descriptive - associative academic method. It is...
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Evaluation of Developmental Dyspraxia in Children and Adolescents in Relation with Handedness, and in Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities
Jínová, Anna ; Kraus, Josef (advisor) ; Zounková, Irena (referee)
10 Annotation This diploma thesis deals with relations between developmental coordination disorder (or developmental dyspraxia) and laterality and handedness. In the theoretical part this work summarizes actual knowledge about the origin and the development of laterality and handedness and describes possibilities how to examine it. It also deals with knowledge about developmental coordination disorder, its characteristic, etiology, prevalence and diagnostic possibilities. The aim of the practical part was to evaluate motor difficulties in children with right and left handedness and to compare differencies. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 was used for that evaluation. Motor skills in 64 children (30 left-handed and 34 right-handed) were evaluated. We haven't found any difference between those groups of children, their results were very balanced. We have also tested the motor skills in children with crossed eye-hand laterality, any significant difference hasn't been found in comparison with standard population. The group of children with learning disabilities has been also evaluated, we have found statisticaly significant difference between their motor skills and motor skills of standard population.
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